The USA very much had its own tradition of ‘new communities’. Unlike in Europe, these types of new communities, often limited in size, were usually built by private development corporations, in effect specialized property developers. These were public-private partnerships with relatively limited government involvement; the context was property development by market parties. The guiding organization was the Urban Land Institute, founded by Roosevelt in 1936 as a component of his New Deal politics to gather knowledge and spread it over ‘real estate’ development. The ideological foundation of ‘communitybuilding’ based on the ‘American Way of Life’ continued to play an important role in the background. This cultural-political undertone became increasingly important, especially during the Cold War. In this respect, Provoost has already pointed out the importance of organizations such as the Ford Foundation and the role of Doxiadis, who was able to realize his ideal ‘democratic’ new towns worldwide, supported by American capital. *